Table of Contents About the Author What's new Abstract Main Results The Transformation Method The Permutation Method The Intermediate Square Method Enumeration Programs Some References Notations, Definitions & Conventions An Example of Enumeration Programs Magic Squares of Order 4 Magic Squares of Order 5 Magic Squares of Order 6 Magic Squares of Order 7
Structure of Magic and Semi-Magic Squares,
Methods and Tools for Enumeration
 by Francis Gaspalou




  • Francis Gaspalou is an engineer from the French "Ecole Polytechnique".
    He was born in 1941 and lives in Gif-sur-Yvette, near Paris, France.
    He has worked for many years on magic squares as a hobby.


  • E-mail: francis.gaspalou@wanadoo.fr